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Ïðèâåäåì âûäåðæêó èç çàäàíèÿ èç ó÷åáíèêà Áàðàíîâà, Äóëè, Êîïûëîâà 9 êëàññ, Ïðîñâåùåíèå:

2h Vocabulary 1 Fill in: make, break, spring, come, bring, steam in the correct form. 1 The windowpanes steamed up from all the humidity. 2 Steve's parents brought him up to love nature. 3 Gordon often made up stories about medieval times. 4 Tony and Nancy broke up because they couldn't get along. 5 During the history test, a question about Queen Victoria never came up. 6 Jousting festivals are springing up around the country these days. Use of English 2 Complete the sentences with a word derived from the words in bold. Most people have seen a sumo 1) wrestling match on TV. But did you know that it evolved from an ancient Japanese 2) performance? Its original purpose was as a dance which 3) symbolised the battle between right and wrong; however, since it was performed by the most 4) powerful fighters, the dance soon became a popular martial art. Now, it is the 5) national sport of Japan and an enduring symbol of 6) pride for the Japanese people. The rules of sumo are very simple. 7) Basically, the wrestler who first exits the ring or touches the ground with anything except their feet loses. A fighter will also be 8) disqualified if they perform a foul move, such as punching an 9) opponent with their fist. In addition, rules state that there is no 10) restriction as to how much a wrestler can weigh. This means that 11) competitors could face someone more than twice their size! As a result, wrestlers eat vast quantities of food to gain the 12) upper hand against their rivals! Listening 3 You will hear an interview with an historian about chariot racing. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer (A,  or C). 1 What feature was important in a racing chariot? A its weight  its complicated design C its horses 2 Why does professor Nickerson think chariot races lacked rules? A to make it easier for commoners to watch  to make it easier for the drivers C to provide a sense of freedom to the people 3 What reason does professor Nickerson give for the popularity of chariot races? A because of the danger involved  because they were held on public holidays C because they were free to the public 4 According to professor Nickerson what was the most important skill for a driver to possess? A excellent reflexes to avoid collisions  good steering ability C physical endurance to last the race 5 What does the professor say the chariot drivers and today's sports stars have in common? A their large salaries  their long careers C their large number of fans 6 Professor Nickerson describes the drivers as unemotional. A unemotional.  superstitious. C fiercely competitive. 7 The professor thinks Emperors got involved in the races because of the power the teams had on their fans. A of the power the teams had on their fans.  they made money financing the betting. C they had a passion for the sport. Òåêñò àóäèðîâàíèÿ: Interviewer: You could call it the extreme sport of the ancient world. However you classify it, chariot races were full of danger and excitement and a definite passion of the ancient Romans. What was all the fuss about? Well, here with me today is Professor Charles Nickerson to tell us about this popular ancient pastime. Welcome to the show Professor Nickerson. Prof. Nickerson: Thank you. Interviewer: Professor, can you start by describing to us a typical race? Prof. Nickerson: Certainly. Chariot races took place in a stadium or Circus as they were called. The Circus was oval in shape and seated hundreds of thousands of spectators. The ground consisted of sand and there were no lanes. Chariots were built for speed. Thus they had to be light and simple in design. They were drawn by between two and ten horses. All this made it very dangerous for the drivers. Interviewer: Races were obviously very exciting then. Prof. Nickerson: Yes, the first driver to complete seven rounds on the track was the winner. There were few rules and pretty much anything was allowed. This gave an illusion of freedom to the masses that loved the races so dearly. Since anything was allowed, crashes were frequent and quite spectacular. Interviewer: So a lot of drivers were injured or killed? Prof. Nickerson: Yes, and this danger and all the thrills are what attracted so many Romans to the races. They were held on religious or public holidays and were attended by hundreds of thousands of people. Although the races were free to the people, a lot of money was made by gambling on the races. Interviewer: They were betting on the drivers? Prof. Nickerson: Yes, or the teams they belonged to. There were different teams that were supported by businesses. The teams recruited the best drivers who wore the team's colours. Of course, the best drivers were those quick to avoid collisions and strong enough to last these long races. But most importantly drivers needed to control their chariots well. Interviewer: The drivers were quite talented then. Prof. Nickerson: Yes, they were the sports stars of their day. Although most of them had short careers, they were hugely popular and the best of them became celebrities across the empire. Many started out as slaves but with the money they earned they soon bought their freedom. Interviewer: It sounds like the Romans took their teams and races seriously just like, let's say ... we do football today. Prof. Nickerson: That's right. People were fanatical about their teams. They would cheer their team on, have big celebrations after wins and often fight with opposing fans. Superstition even played a role as they would place special curse tablets made of lead near the starting area to curse the opposition. Drivers may have been the stars, but they were often humble after a win and showed little emotion. Interviewer: Not like today's sports stars who like to do a victory dance after a win. Prof. Nickerson: (chuckling) No, the charioteers were much more constrained. Chariot races touched all areas of Roman society. There was a lot of money being made and the masses were passionate for the races. Even the emperors couldn't stay out of the action. The different teams had a tremendous amount of influence on their fans, so it made sense for the emperors to keep up with the races and keep an eye on what each team was doing on and off the track. Interviewer: Once again another example of how sport influences our lives. Thank you Professor Nickerson for the interesting insights on the once great chariot races. Prof. Nickerson: My pleasure.